CPAP Machine- The definitive guide(2021)

CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) –                                                                                                                                                          

• CPAP is a Continuous Positive Air Pressure treatment that is used for patients that have breathing disorders such as Sleep Apnea.  NOTE {Sleep Apnea: A condition where the patient has five episodes of apnea that last at least 10 seconds each within a one-hour time period while sleep.}                                                                                        
• CPAP is also used to treat premature infants that do not have fully developed lungs.

What is CPAP Machine

CPAP Machine –Composed of a flow generator that pushes positive pressure in a tube that connects to a mask. The mask is placed on the patient nose and mouth, where the air enters and then continues to the throat keeping the upper airway open. CPAP can only be delivered if the patient is breathing spontaneously because it does not provide any mechanical breath NEVER administer or recommend CPAP for a patient who is not breathing spontaneously.

History of CPAP

• 1912- Maintenance of lungs expansion during thoracic surgery.
• 1937- High altitude flying to prevent hypoxemia.
• 1967- CPPB IPPV to treat ARDS
• 1971- Term CPAP introduced, used to treat HMD in neonates.
• 1972- CPAP used to treat ARF.
• 1973- CPAP used to treat COPD.
• 1981- Downs generator.
• 1982- Modern definition of CPAP.

Indication of CPAP

• Diseases with low FRC, e.g. RDS, TTN, PDA, pulmonary edema, etc.  
• Apnea and Bradycardia of prematurity.
• Meconium  aspiration syndrome(MAS)
• Airway closure disease, e.g. BPD
• Tracheomalacia
• Partial of diaphragm.

Step of initiation of CPAP

1. Preparing the circuit, the bubble chamber and the machine.
2. Fixing the CPAP.
3. Securing the NASAL prongs.
4. Connecting the circuit.
5. Insertion of Orogastric tube.
6. Setting of PEEP, FiO2 and flow.

Different types of CPAP mask

• Head hood – Helmet CPAP has been recommended in many guidelines during COVID-19 pandemic in many countries around the world.
• Face mask – CPAP face mask cover the nose or part of the face with side strap that keep the mask in place.
• Hybrid mask – The RespCare Hybrid is a common sense alternative for CPAP and BIPAP users that are challenged with full face mask issues, such as skin breakdown at the bridge of the nose, or positional mask leak issues.
• Nasal prongs- It is used to deliver oxygen to people who don’t otherwise get enough of it.
• Nasal pillow mask – It is among the most popular mask choices for CPAP uses because of their minimal design. It seal around the base of the nostrils, also called nares, using a soft pillow.
• Endotracheal tube – It involves passing an Endotracheal heal tube through mouth or nose into the trachea. It is the method of choice in emergency care.

Application of CPAP

• Respiratory distress syndrome
• Meconium aspiration syndrome
• Apnea of prematurity
• postoperative thoracotomy
• Patent ductuts arteriosus
• Postoperactive Celosomia
• weaning patients from primary lungs disease
• Differentiation of primary lungs disease from primary cardiac disease
• As adjunct to intermittent positive ventilation.
• Sleep apnea
• Bronchomalacia

Pros & Cons of CPAP Machine

What to Consider when choosing your CPAP Machine

1. Design

Some CPAP Machine look bulky and some newer models look sleek. Although design is not be as important as functionality, it may still be something you want to consider. You would rather have a pretty looking CPAP machine by your bedside than a bulky-looking one, right?

2. Features

This is one of the more important things you should consider when looking for a CPAP machine. Features provide options that cater to the user’s needs and can make your therapy more convenient and comfortable. Here are some of the features you should consider:

• Auto Algorithm – Is it an auto CPAP? Auto CPAPs automatically adjust the airway pressure.
• Pressure relief – makes it easier for the user to exhale by reducing the pressure
• Ramp – gradually increases the pressure to what is prescribed, making it more comfortable for the user to breathe
• Humidifier – does it have an integrated humidifier or do you need to buy it separately? Is it heated? Heated humedifires help minimize rainout.
• Portability – is it light and small enough to be travel-friendly? This is an important factor if you travel frequently. It’s much more convenient to have a CPAP for home and another for travel purposes.
• Mask On/Off Alert – Some users are active sleepers, moving around quite a lot during sleep. This feature will alert the user if the mask comes off or loses the seal.
• Leak Compensation – Compensates leaking mask by increasing the airflow to make sure that the user is still getting the prescribed pressure

3. Performance

This is another important thing you should consider; does it work well? Does it perform as well as it claims to?

4. Power

How is the battery life? This relates to the portability feature in that if you are a frequent traveler/camper, you should look into machines with overnight batteries or long-lasting charge.

5. Sound Level

This is the most common complaint among users. Although most CPAP machines on the market have a sound level of less than or around 30dbA, which is about the sound of a whisper, this is an important factor to consider, especially if you are a sensitive sleeper.

Top 5 CPAP Machine( features & price )

1.

Resmed AirSence 10 series Autoset CPAP Machine

• It automatically adjust pressure level to fit your changing needs to ensure you’re receiving the lowest pressure necessary.
• it feature an integrated and built-in wireless communications, helping you to say comfortable and connected.

price range 60,000-65,000

2.

Resmed AirStart 10 Auto CPAP With Humidifier

• The ResMed AirStart 10 with HumidAir is one of the newest devices in ResMed’s Air series.
• It is an effective, low-cost, and a great device.
• It is simplistic to use for most users, and with all the basic features you’d expect in a premier CPAP machine, you will rest easy knowing you’re getting outstanding quality.

price range 40,000- 45,000

3.

Resmed AirSense 10 Elite Manual CPAP Tripack

• The new AirSense 10 Elite is an advanced fixed-pressure (manual cpap) device with integrated humidifier. It is designed to be intuitive and easy-to-use.
• With no complicated menus or settings to navigate, you can simply plug in device and press Start.

price range 30,000-35,000

4.

Resmed AirMini Travel Auto CPAP

• Travel light and sleep well with AirMini – a travel CPAP that will never slow you down. AirMini is tiny but still offers top quality therapy, waterless humidification and convenient control with the AirMini app.

price range 55,000- 60,000

5.

Philips Respironics DreamStation Go Travel Auto CPAP

• At half the size and two thirds less parts of the standard DreamStation platform, the DreamStation Go offers the same therapy, connectivity and comfort features used by over 5 million PAP users.

price range 128,000-130,000

CPAP Machine price list

Final thoughts

Frequently asked Question(FAQ)

Q-1:  What is CPAP machine used for?                   

Ans: It is applied to the airway of a Spontaneously breathing patient throughout the respiratory cycle during respiration.

Q-2: What are the bad side effects of the using the CPAP machine?                                                         

Ans: If lungs have normal compilance: over distention, air leak, skin irritation, impede venous return.

Q-3: Is a CPAP machine life support?

Asn: NO (It is used for sleep apnea not for life sustaining).

Q-4: Is the CPAP machine the same as oxygen?           

Ans: It is used for increase the oxygenation and decrease work of breathing.                                                ( improved oxygenation, wash out of carbon die oxide, and better blood pH).

Q-5: What is the difference between CPAP or BIPAP?